Canberra was planned in the earliest 20s century, in order to satisfy the governmental administration as a “central colonial government” (Neutze 1977, p13). Located in the State of New South Wales and not distant of the Sydney prior big city, Canberra might not be defined as a new town city according to the literature review by this paper. It is more commonly known as a Garden City related with the beautification of the new Capital City and created in the core of the Garden City movement and beautiful cities theories. Even though, the city has being including some core aspects of a new town city being an addition of the preceding theories that guide the first approach of Griffins planning. This essay will develop the essential features of the new town concept and the relation with the urban planning theory used in Canberra city.
The new towns were developed as a response of a needed population distribution and employment after the World War II. It concepts appear in the 1940´s when the post-war situation demand for new urban settlements, the factory town was demanded or a regeneration of a declining rural area was required. One of this examples is England, with the first new town called Stevenage in 1946 (Hall y Ward 1998, 52), designed for Osborn and the TCPA.
It essential features where related with the housing pressures of big cities due to the high demand of accommodation once the war was over due to the growth population, the household growth, the acceptance of the need of reconstruction, and the reduction on congested urban areas, the demand lid to create a new urban settlement which has to contain a “balanced communities for work and living” (Cullingworth 1977, 197). Due to the focus on a sustainable community employment has to be achievable for everyone and where developed by government finance. These new towns include others previous theories like green belts, industrial locations, and expanded towns green cities, including houses with gardens and low density housing and neighbourhood towns. A new aspect was added due to the new facilities for the cities, the automobile was a new item for the already complex puzzle and the new towns intent to segregate the automobile traffic from the pedestrian sidewalks and also with the modern movement all the activities were separated in different spatial areas. The last important issue is that they where a post-war city planning (Cullingworth 1977, 196), even as they were different in “size and function” (Hall y Ward 1998, 53)
The aspects that are not related with Canberra as a new town planned city are mostly and the most important the period of city design, it was developed before the 1920´s so it was a previous World War II city designed. Also it was developed as a big city and the capital of the republic instead of a satellite city, this was not related with the expanded small towns or new locations related with bigger cities.
Even though the previous , Canberra might be consider as a new town planned city as well due to it presence of another aspects related with the new town features: It was created as a new city related with work, the city was a demand of governmental work and governmental employees where immigrating to this place to live and work. Also the city was developed in low density from the original griffins planned city which was maintained the designed open spaces related with leisure and nature. Also Canberra respond to bigger city relation [1]due to it location at less than 100 km from Sydney city, even that Canberra is independent in all senses of Sydney; in addition Canberra city was planned as a automobile urban development, where the car takes an important role in the urban shape as a the 40s new towns developments patterns where represented in the new towns city. Moreover, Canberra represents it as a central spatial ambivalent place working as a central area of a neighbourhood. Another important issue is related with it location, following the hygienic standpoint, with a view of the landscape, and the object of beautification and expansion” (Neutze 1977), this point was one of the important issues in the matter of locations of new towns. Due to the depression, war and post-war the Canberra development was stopped and it began it accelerated growth in 1950s including the automobile aspects in it design. (Neutze 1977)
Image 1: Canberra might be more assimilated with a garden city or a beautification movement city than a new town. Even though you can notice in this picture the segregated spaces between the governmental area from the residential and commerce spaces related only by some bridges crossing the artificial lake.
Image taken by Carolina Carrasco P. March 2010.
Even the city was not developed in the exact period of the new town cities, Canberra might be a new town due to the mixed of theories applied on it and the addition of posterior elements related with new town theories as the automobile, the shopping centre, and the segregated spaces.
The new towns were developed as a response of a needed population distribution and employment after the World War II. It concepts appear in the 1940´s when the post-war situation demand for new urban settlements, the factory town was demanded or a regeneration of a declining rural area was required. One of this examples is England, with the first new town called Stevenage in 1946 (Hall y Ward 1998, 52), designed for Osborn and the TCPA.
It essential features where related with the housing pressures of big cities due to the high demand of accommodation once the war was over due to the growth population, the household growth, the acceptance of the need of reconstruction, and the reduction on congested urban areas, the demand lid to create a new urban settlement which has to contain a “balanced communities for work and living” (Cullingworth 1977, 197). Due to the focus on a sustainable community employment has to be achievable for everyone and where developed by government finance. These new towns include others previous theories like green belts, industrial locations, and expanded towns green cities, including houses with gardens and low density housing and neighbourhood towns. A new aspect was added due to the new facilities for the cities, the automobile was a new item for the already complex puzzle and the new towns intent to segregate the automobile traffic from the pedestrian sidewalks and also with the modern movement all the activities were separated in different spatial areas. The last important issue is that they where a post-war city planning (Cullingworth 1977, 196), even as they were different in “size and function” (Hall y Ward 1998, 53)
The aspects that are not related with Canberra as a new town planned city are mostly and the most important the period of city design, it was developed before the 1920´s so it was a previous World War II city designed. Also it was developed as a big city and the capital of the republic instead of a satellite city, this was not related with the expanded small towns or new locations related with bigger cities.
Even though the previous , Canberra might be consider as a new town planned city as well due to it presence of another aspects related with the new town features: It was created as a new city related with work, the city was a demand of governmental work and governmental employees where immigrating to this place to live and work. Also the city was developed in low density from the original griffins planned city which was maintained the designed open spaces related with leisure and nature. Also Canberra respond to bigger city relation [1]due to it location at less than 100 km from Sydney city, even that Canberra is independent in all senses of Sydney; in addition Canberra city was planned as a automobile urban development, where the car takes an important role in the urban shape as a the 40s new towns developments patterns where represented in the new towns city. Moreover, Canberra represents it as a central spatial ambivalent place working as a central area of a neighbourhood. Another important issue is related with it location, following the hygienic standpoint, with a view of the landscape, and the object of beautification and expansion” (Neutze 1977), this point was one of the important issues in the matter of locations of new towns. Due to the depression, war and post-war the Canberra development was stopped and it began it accelerated growth in 1950s including the automobile aspects in it design. (Neutze 1977)
Image 1: Canberra might be more assimilated with a garden city or a beautification movement city than a new town. Even though you can notice in this picture the segregated spaces between the governmental area from the residential and commerce spaces related only by some bridges crossing the artificial lake.
Image taken by Carolina Carrasco P. March 2010.
Even the city was not developed in the exact period of the new town cities, Canberra might be a new town due to the mixed of theories applied on it and the addition of posterior elements related with new town theories as the automobile, the shopping centre, and the segregated spaces.
Bibliography:
Cullingworth, J B. Town and Country Planning in Britain. Great Britain: T. and a. Constable Ltd., 1977.
Hall, Peter, y Colin Ward. Sociable Cities: the legay of Ebenezer HOward. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 1998.Neutze, Max. Urban Development in Australia. Sydney: George Allen & Unwin Australia Pty Ltd., 1977.
[1] The new towns where built around cities, as in Uk were built around London and Glasgow. (Hall y Ward 1998)
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